Kidney disease stages 1 and 2
Why do I need to change how I eat in kidney disease stages 1 and 2?
In kidney disease stages 1 and 2, you have mild kidney damage. This means your kidneys are still able to filter waste and extra fluids from your blood, but you have other signs of kidney damage. For example, a blood test called the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may find that your kidneys are not filtering waste from your blood as well as they should. Your eGFR is a number based on your blood test for creatinine, a waste product in your blood. A urine (pee) test called albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) may also show you have protein in your urine, which is a sign of kidney disease. When your kidneys are damaged, they may let protein leak into your urine.
In these stages of kidney disease, it is important to take steps to keep your kidney disease from getting worse. Healthy eating is one way to do that, and you may need to make some changes to your eating patterns.
The food you eat plays a key role in managing your kidney disease. In many cases, healthier eating can stop your kidney disease from getting worse or slow down your progression to kidney failure. Healthy eating can also help manage diabetes, the leading cause of kidney disease, as well as high blood pressure, another common cause.
How can I eat healthy in kidney disease stages 1 and 2?
Choose lean protein
Choose whole grains
Limit added salt
Drink enough fluid
Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits
Limit added sugars
Eat healthy fats (olive oil, nuts and seeds)
Fluid
A fluid is anything that turns to liquid at room temperature. In kidney disease stages 1 and 2, it is important to consume enough fluid (ideally water) to stay hydrated. Ask your doctor and dietitian how much fluid you should have each day and what types. If your kidney disease gets worse, your doctor and dietitian will let you know if you need to limit fluids.
Ice
Soups and stews
Pudding
Ice cream, sherbet, sorbet, popsicles, etc.
All beverages (water, soda, tea, coffee, milk, nondairy milk, juice, etc.)
Jell-O®, other gelatin products and gelatin substitutes (pectin, arrowroot powder, etc.)
Ice
Soups and stews
All beverages (water, soda, tea, coffee, milk, nondairy milk, etc.)
Pudding
Ice cream, sherbet, sorbet, popsicles, etc.
Jell-O® other gelatin products and gelatin substitutes (pectin, arrowroot powder, etc.)
Whole grains
Carbohydrates, or carbs, are your body’s main energy source. Your body changes carbs from food to energy. When you eat too many carbs, your body quickly stores them as fat for long-term energy.
There are two main types of grains: whole grains and refined grains. Whole grains contain all parts of the grain (brain, germ and endosperm), which means they provide essential fiber, vitamins and minerals. Examples of whole grains include brown rice, oatmeal and whole wheat bread. Refined grains have been processed to remove the bran germ, which helps them last longer but also removes some nutrients and fiber. Examples of refined grains include white bread, white rice and regular pasta. For people with kidney diseases stages 1 and 2, whole grains can be part of a kidney-friendly eating pattern.
Choosing whole grain options more often, while still having other grains in moderation, can help create balanced and healthy meals.
The best way to know what type of carbs and how many are in your food is by reading the “Total Carbohydrate” section on the Nutrition Facts label and pay attention to the serving sizes.
How to identify whole grains:
Look for foods that:
- Say “made with 100% whole grains”
- Have “whole” listed as the first ingredient, like “whole wheat”
- Have the whole grain stamp
Limit foods that have:
- Refined (any type of grain)
- Enriched (any type of grain)
- White flour
- Degermed cornmeal
Non-starchy vegetables
Non-starchy vegetables, like broccoli or cabbage, are low in carbs and calories. Starchy vegetables, like potatoes and corn, are higher in carbs and calories.The carbs in vegetables have a variety of vitamins, minerals, nutrients and fiber. Fiber helps your body absorb nutrients more slowly to keep you feeling full for longer and plays a role in regulating blood sugar and protecting your heart, blood vessels and digestive system.
A healthy balance of non-starchy vegetables and starchy vegetables can give you the energy you need to go about your daily activities and keep your heart and kidneys healthy in kidney disease stages 1 and 2.
Some non-starchy vegetables, like lettuce, taste great raw. If you are cooking non-starchy vegetables, try steaming, boiling, grilling or roasting them, instead of frying them in fat or oil.
Examples of non-starchy vegetables include:
Asparagus
Bell Pepper
Broccoli
Red or green cabbage
Cauliflower
Celery
Cucumber
Lettuce
Cauliflower
Celery
Cucumber
Lettuce
Asparagus
Bell Pepper
Broccoli
Red or green cabbage
Lean proteins
Your body needs protein to build muscle, heal and stay healthy. Choosing lean proteins, which are lower in unhealthy fats and cholesterol, will help keep fat from building up in your blood vessels and protect your heart and kidneys.
Protein needs for people with kidney disease can vary widely depending on kidney function, body size, lab results, medicines and overall health status. For this reason, the daily protein recommendations listed here are a general reference and may not be appropriate for everyone with CKD. Review your individual needs and how much protein you should eat a day with your doctor and registered dietitian.
For general adult population: 0.8 g/kg body weight
- About 56 grams of protein each day for a sedentary male who weighs 155 pounds.
- About 47 grams of protein each day for a sedentary female who weighs 130 pounds.
For active individuals: 1-1.2 g/kg body weight
- About 70-84 grams of protein each day for an active male who weighs 155 pounds.
- About 59-71 grams of protein each day for an active female who weighs 130 pounds.
Examples of lean proteins:
Whole eggs
Quinoa
Egg whites
Fish
Pork tenderloin
Skinless chicken
white meat is leaner than dark
Skinless turkey
white meat is leaner than dark
Soy products
tofu, edamame, tempeh, soy milk
Lean beef
tenderloin or ground beef labeled 90% or 93% lean
Ask your doctor and dietitian how much protein you should eat each day.
Lean protein serving sizes and estimated amount of protein:
Food | Amount of Protein (grams) |
½ cup kidney beans | 7 grams |
1large egg | 6 grams |
½ chicken breast | 29 grams |
Shrimp (3 oz, about size of palm) | 20 grams |
Sodium (salt)
You can find the amount of sodium in foods by checking the nutrition label. Sodium plays many important roles in the way our bodies function, but too much sodium can be harmful for people with kidney disease. When your kidneys are not working as well as they should, they may not be able to remove extra sodium from your body.
Having too much sodium in your body can make your body retain (hold onto) fluid, which makes your heart and kidneys work harder. Over time, this can raise your blood pressure and cause your kidney disease to get worse.
The amount of sodium found naturally in foods is enough to keep a healthy level in your body, but sodium is often added to many processed foods, foods we eat in restaurants and even the food we cook ourselves. This can lead to eating too much salt and cause too much sodium to build up in your body.
The recommended amount of sodium to consume can depend on your stage of kidney disease and your kidney function. In general, a healthy amount of sodium is 2,300 mg of sodium or less per day. This is equal to about 1 teaspoon of salt per day.
These foods and drinks usually have added sodium (unless marked as low-salt or low-sodium):
Soda and sports drinks
Ice Cream
Frozen dinners and snacks
Fast food and food from restaurants
Packaged snacks (chips, pretzels, nuts, etc.)
Bakery items (bread, bagels, pies, cakes, etc.)
Condiments (ketchup, salad dressings, hot sauce, soy sauce, etc.)
Canned and jarred foods (tomatoes, beans, corn, pickles, etc.)
Seasonings and spices with salt (garlic salt, celery salt, seasoned salt, taco seasoning, seafood seasoning, etc.)
Soda and sports drinks
Frozen dinners and snacks
Packaged snacks (chips, pretzels, nuts, etc.)
Condiments (ketchup, salad dressings, hot sauce, soy sauce, etc.)
Ice Cream
Fast food and food from restaurants
Bakery items (bread, bagels, pies, cakes, etc.)
Canned and jarred foods (tomatoes, beans, corn, pickles, etc.)
Seasonings and spices with salt (garlic salt, celery salt, seasoned salt, taco seasoning, seafood seasoning, etc.)
Ask your doctor and dietitian how much salt you should eat per day in kidney disease stages 1 and 2
Tips to limit added sodium:
- Carefully review labels and ingredients for salt substitutes or “No-Salt” seasonings. It’s important to note that some are made with potassium (like potassium chloride) and could raise your potassium to a dangerous level.
- Choose canned and jarred foods that say “no salt added” or “low sodium” on the package
- Choose no salt added snacks (unsalted or no-salt pretzels, unsalted nuts, etc.)
- Prepare and cook your meals from scratch using one of our kidney-friendly recipes, so you can control the amount of salt in your food
- Use fresh or dried herbs and spices to add extra flavor to your dishes, instead of salt
- Drink water instead of sports drinks or soda
- When eating out, ask your server for your food to be prepared without any added salt and ask for your sauces or dressings on the side
Sugar
Eating too much sugar can lead to unwanted weight gain and diabetes. Sugar is a simple carbohydrate found naturally in many foods, like fruits, some starchy vegetables and dairy.
Sugar is also a product made by refining or processing sugar cane or sugar beets. Processed foods and drinks use refined or processed sugar to sweeten them. Our bodies digest refined and processed sugar very quickly, which can cause blood sugar levels to rise if you have diabetes. High blood sugar levels can make your kidney disease worse.
Choosing foods with natural sugar, like fruit, is a healthy alternative to sweets, like cookies, cakes and candies that contain added sugar. Fruit has natural sugars that sweeten it and fiber, which helps keep you full and can prevent blood sugar levels from rising quickly if you have diabetes.
Processed foods may have hidden sugars in them. The best way to know if added sugar is in your food is to read the nutrition label.
Limit foods that contain these ingredients:
- Agave
- Barley malt
- Beet sugar
- Brown rice syrup
- Cane juice
- Caramel
- Coconut sugar
- Corn syrup
- Fructose syrup
- Glucose syrup
- Honey
- Maltodextrin
- Pure maple syrup
- Raw sugar
- Rice sugar
- High fructose corn syrup
Avoid or limit foods with these ingredients:
- Agave
- Barley malt
- Beet sugar
- Brown rice syrup
- Cane juice
- Caramel
- Coconut sugar
- Corn syrup
- Fructose syrup
- Glucose syrup
- Honey
- Maltodextrin
- Pure maple syrup
- Raw sugar
- Rice sugar
- High fructose corn syrup
More tips to stay healthy in stages 1 and 2
Drink water
Add a few lemon slices or mint sprigs to a large pitcher of water for extra flavor and some variety.
Add an extra daily activity into your schedule
Go for a brisk walk or take the stairs instead of the elevator.
Go to all your regular checkups
Your doctor will monitor your kidney function and other conditions.
If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, take your medicines as your doctor instructed.
One of the best ways to keep your kidney disease from getting worse is to keep your diabetes or high blood pressure under control.
Keep a healthy weight
Talk to your doctor about a healthy weight for you and ways to manage your weight.
Choose whole grains
Like brown rice, over refined grains, like white rice.
Add an extra daily activity into your schedule
Go for a brisk walk after dinner or take the stairs instead of the elevator.
Go to all your regular checkups
Our doctor will monitor your kidney function and other conditions.
Keep a healthy weight
Talk to your doctor about a healthy weight for you and ways to manage your weight.
If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, take your medicines as your doctor instructed.
One of the best ways to keep your kidney disease from getting worse is to keep your diabetes or high blood pressure under control.
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